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Chicago-style citations follow two formats:
It is important to check your assignment guidelines to determine which form of Chicago-style citations your professor wishes you to use. This guide covers the notes and bibliography system.
The notes and bibliography format is often used by scholars working in the humanities (history, literature, etc.). The notes and bibliography system is useful when a scholar needs to cite a variety of material such as books, journal articles, archival documents, and oral interviews. Unlike other citation models that embed citations into the text, Chicago-style citations use footnotes or endnotes to denote their citations. Footnotes and endnotes will often appear as a raised superscript number in the text.
Every complete Chicago citation consists of two parts:
Stephen Prince, “True Lies: Perceptual Realism, Digital Images, and Film Theory,” Film Quarterly 49, no. 3 (Spring 1996): 29, https://doi.org/10.2307/1213468.
Barbara A. Shailor, The Medieval Book (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991), 102.
Nancy Christie and Michael Gauvreau, Christian Churches and their Peoples, 1840–1965: A
Social History of Religion in Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010), 145.
Lindsey Dodd, “Small Fish, Big Pond: Using a Single Oral Narrative to Reveal Broader
Social Change,” in Understanding Memory as Source and Subject, ed. Joan Tumblety (New York: Routledge, 2013), 34.
World Health Organization, Guideline: Nutritional Care and Support for Patients with
Tuberculosis (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013), 22.
Laura Goldfarb, “Clear Speech, Clear Mind,” Laurier Writing Centre (blog), last modified
April 26, 2019, https://laurierwriting.wordpress.com/2019/04/26/clear-speech-clear-mind/.
Saving Private Ryan, directed by Steven Spielberg (Paramount Pictures, 1998),
https://www.netflix.com/watch/21878564.
Jeffrey Jones, “Digital Carbon-Offset Platform Patch Attracts Support from Venture
Capitalists,” The Globe and Mail, February 23, 2021,
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-digital-carbon-offset-platform-patch-
attracts-support-from-venture/.
Prince, Stephen. “True Lies: Perceptual Realism, Digital Images, and Film Theory.” Film Quarterly 49, no. 3 (Spring 1996): 27–37. https://doi.org/10.2307/1213468.
Shailor, Barbara A. The Medieval Book. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991.
Christie, Nancy, and Michael Gauvreau. Christian Churches and their Peoples, 1840–1965: A Social History of Religion in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010.
Dodd, Lindsey. “Small Fish, Big Pond: Using a Single Oral Narrative to Reveal Broader Social Change.” In Understanding Memory as Source and Subject, edited by Joan
Tumblety, 34–49. New York: Routledge, 2013.
World Health Organization. Guideline: Nutritional Care and Support for Patients with
Tuberculosis. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013.
Goldfarb, Laura. “Clear Speech, Clear Mind.” Laurier Writing Centre (blog). Last modified
April 26, 2019. https://laurierwriting.wordpress.com/2019/04/26/clear-speech-clear- mind/.
Spielberg, Steven, dir. Saving Private Ryan. Paramount Pictures, 1998.
https://www.netflix.com/watch/218785642001.
Jones, Jeffrey. “Digital Carbon-Offset Platform Patch Attracts Support from Venture
Capitalists.” The Globe and Mail. February 23, 2021.
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-digital-carbon-offset-platform-
patch- attracts-support-from-venture/.
For more information, you can consult the Online Writing Lab at Purdue and the CMS website.
Writing Services, Wilfrid Laurier University, CC By-NC 2023
Note for Printing or PDF Download
If you are printing or downloading a PDF of this document, note that the document does not display hanging indents.
If your citation is longer than one line of the page, indent the remaining line(s) about 1/2 inch from the left margin.