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Chicago-style (CMS) citations follow two formats:
It is important to check your assignment guidelines to determine which form of Chicago-style citations your professor wishes you to use. This guide covers the author-date system.
A complete Chicago Author-Date Citation has two parts:
“Thinking is a mental activity that is used to resolve doubt about what to do, what to believe, or what to desire or seek” (Baron 1993, 193).
or
According to Baron, “Thinking is a mental activity that is used to resolve doubt about what to do, what to believe, or what to desire or seek” (1993, 193).
If there are no page numbers, use the most specific aspect of the text that a reader could use to find the information, which could include a chapter (chap.), volume (vol.), or section heading (under “Title of Section”).
According to Hughes-Warrington, “the figuration of time is an essential, inseparable feature of writing history” (2007, under “Images and Words”).
Participants in the study spent more time analyzing arguments that they disagreed with compared to those that they agreed with (Edwards and Smith 1996, 45).
Only the first author is included with the “et al.” notation.
Although human thinking is not always rational, it can be improved through training (Lilienfeld et al. 2009, 37).
Consistently list the sources in order of importance, alphabetically, or chronologically.
Numerous researchers have inquired into the different dispositions of critical thinking (Perkins et al. 1993; Ennis 1996; Facione et al. 1994).
Quotations that are more than 100 words long still include author name, date, and page, but the formatting is slightly different:
In Chicago, block quotes can also be used for clarity in specific cases.
Example:
Researchers have described another way we learn,
one that does not think of learning as the acquisition of something that already exists, but instead sees learning as responding, as a response to a ‘question’.[…] Here learning becomes a creation or an invention, a process of bringing something new into the world: one’s own, unique response. (Biesta 2006, 68)
Prince, Stephen. 1996. “True Lies: Perceptual Realism, Digital Images, and Film Theory.” Film Quarterly 49, no. 3 (Spring): 27–37. https://doi.org/10.2307/1213468.
Shailor, Barbara A. 1991. The Medieval Book. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Christie, Nancy, and Michael Gauvreau. 2010. Christian Churches and their Peoples, 1840–1965: A Social History of Religion in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Dodd, Lindsey. 2013. “Small Fish, Big Pond: Using a Single Oral Narrative to Reveal Broader Social Change.” In Understanding Memory as Source and Subject, edited by Joan
Tumblety, 34–49. New York: Routledge.
World Health Organization. 2013. Guideline: Nutritional Care and Support for Patients with
Tuberculosis. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Goldfarb, Laura. 2019. “Clear Speech, Clear Mind.” Laurier Writing Centre (blog). Last modified April 26, 2019. https://laurierwriting.wordpress.com/2019/04/26/clear-speech-clear- mind/.
Spielberg, Steven, director. 1998. Saving Private Ryan. Paramount Pictures.
https://www.netflix.com/watch/218785642001.
For more information, consult the CMS website.
Writing Services, Wilfrid Laurier University, CC By-NC 2023
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