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It is a contraction of the demonstrative article « cela » and the verb « être » conjugated in singular form of the third person « est ». It is used when you can replace « ce sont » with the plural forms of the subject following its use.
Example: C’est une belle journée. Ce sont de belles journées.
It acts as a reflexive verb in the past. It is accompanied by a past participle. It is used when it can be replaced by « me suis », changing the subject to agree.
Example: Il s’est mordu la langue. Je me suis mordue la langue.
It is a demonstrative article used to refer to a group of specific objects. It is used when it can be replaced by its singular form of « ce ».
Example: Ces stylos sont rouges. Ce stylo est rouge.
It is a possessive article used to refer to someone’s plural objects or affiliation to something plural in accordance with the singular form of the third person (i.e. « elle » or « il »). It can be replaced by its form in the first or second person, « mes » or « tes ».
Example: Elle a fait tous ses devoirs. Tu as fait tous tes devoirs.
It is the conjugation of the verb « savoir » in the present, according to the singular form of the second person. It can be replaced with « savais », the imperfect conjugation of the « savoir ».
Example: Tu sais parler en français. Tu savais parler en français.
It is the conjugation of the verb « savoir » in the present, according to the singular form of the third person. It can be replaced with « savait », the imperfect conjugation of the « savoir ».
Example: Il sait comment bien danser. Il savait comment bien danser.
Thanks to Brynn M. for developing this resource.
Writing Services, Wilfrid Laurier University, CC By-NC 2023